Professor Josiah Chukwudi Onovo: Harnessing the Potential of Genetically Modified Switchgrass for Nigeria’s Energy and Economic Renaissance
By Chijioke Ogbodo
An inaugural lecture which is only presented by a full professor signifies the introduction of such new professor. It is an academic event where the professor presents their research and future plans. It is usually attended by colleagues, students, and sometimes the public. The lecture celebrates the professor’s achievements and fosters engagement with the academic community. The 44th Inaugural Lecture at Nasarawa State University, Keffi, delivered by Professor Josiah Chukwudi Onovo, marked a significant milestone in the discourse on renewable energy in Nigeria. Born in Sokoto in 1972 and educated in Plateau State, Professor Onovo’s academic journey began with a B.Sc. in Botany from the University of Jos. He then earned an M.Sc. in Environmental Biology & Genetics from the University of Lagos, and a Ph.D. in Plant Breeding and Genetics from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Titled “Genetically Modified Switchgrass: A Harbinger for Renewable Energy and Economic Growth,” the lecture delved into the transformative potential of genetically modified (GM) switchgrass in addressing Nigeria’s energy crisis and fostering economic growth.
The Promise of Biofuels: Enhancing Energy Security and Diversifying Fuel Sources
At the heart of Professor Onovo’s lecture is the proposition that biofuels, especially those derived from non-edible, locally available feedstocks like switchgrass, are crucial for enhancing energy security and diversifying fuel sources in Nigeria. This focus is underpinned by Professor Onovo’s extensive background in plant genetics and biotechnology, which has enabled him to contribute substantially to the understanding and manipulation of plant systems for better biofuel production. He emphasized that “switchgrass can be cultivated in any part of Nigeria. It has wide adaptability and can be produced on an industrial scale, but currently has limited commercialization due to the recalcitrant nature of the lignocellulosic cell wall of switchgrass.” This quality makes switchgrass an ideal candidate for biofuel production, which could provide a sustainable energy source that reduces the environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel consumption.
Overcoming Barriers to Bioethanol Production: The Role of Genetic Modification
One of the major technical barriers to the large-scale production of bioethanol from plant biomass is the resistance of sugars embedded in plant cell walls to enzymatic breakdown. Professor Onovo’s research has been pivotal in addressing this challenge. After joining Nasarawa State University, Keffi, in 2005 and rising to the rank of full Professor on October 1, 2018, he has focused on modifying the structural complexity of lignocellulosic biomass, particularly switchgrass, to make it more amenable to enzymatic conversion. “This is the main reason we embarked on the genetic modification of the cell wall of switchgrass for efficient conversion into biofuel,” he explained. “By modifying the plant’s cell wall structure, we increase the accessibility of cellulose to enzymatic action, thereby boosting bioethanol yields.” This approach is expected to reduce the quantity of enzymes required for conversion, lowering production costs and increasing profitability.
Comparative Analysis: Learning from Global Biofuel Leaders
In understanding the potential impact of biofuels, particularly switchgrass, on Nigeria’s energy landscape, it is instructive to examine the strategies employed by countries that have successfully integrated biofuels into their energy mix. Drawing from his involvement in extensive research and training both locally and internationally, Professor Onovo discussed how Brazil and the United States have leveraged their domestic resources to foster a sustainable biofuel industry. Brazil, for instance, has created a robust biofuel industry that has reduced its dependence on imported oil and cut greenhouse gas emissions significantly. Similarly, the United States has leveraged its vast agricultural resources to become a leading producer of bioethanol, primarily derived from corn. These countries’ success stories highlight the importance of government support and the strategic use of domestic resources in fostering a sustainable biofuel industry. Drawing lessons from these countries, Nigeria can design a framework tailored to its unique context, focusing on non-edible feedstocks like switchgrass to avoid the food-versus-fuel debate.
Promoting Collaboration and Stakeholder Engagement
For Nigeria to realize the full potential of switchgrass as a biofuel feedstock, it is essential to foster collaboration among various stakeholders, including government agencies, private sector players, research institutions, and local communities. Professor Onovo, who has served in key roles such as Head of Department and Dean, highlighted the importance of leveraging his experience in leadership and collaboration to drive the success of biofuel projects. “Effective stakeholder engagement is crucial for the success of biofuel projects, ensuring that the diverse interests and concerns of all parties are adequately addressed,” he noted. The government must provide policy support, including subsidies and grants for research and development, while public-private partnerships can scale up production and promote widespread adoption of biofuels.
Enhancing Research and Development
Professor Onovo’s work emphasizes the critical role of research and development (R&D) in unlocking the potential of biofuels in Nigeria. Adequate funding and support for R&D are essential to develop the necessary technologies for biofuel production. This includes the genetic modification of switchgrass to enhance cellulase expression and the development of efficient methods for converting plant biomass into ethanol. His dedication to advancing plant science is reflected in his active involvement in professional bodies like the African Crop Science Society. As Professor Onovo highlighted, “Our genetic modification framework not only aims to improve bioethanol yields but also seeks to reduce production costs, making biofuels more competitive with fossil fuels.” He also emphasized the need for international collaboration in biofuel research to accelerate technological advancements and overcome shared challenges in renewable energy development.
Leveraging Technological Innovations
Technological innovation is a key driver of growth in the biofuel industry. Advances in biotechnology, such as those demonstrated by Professor Onovo, have the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of biofuel production processes. His innovative approach, particularly in the genetic modification of crops for enhanced biofuel production, positions him as a leading figure in exploring sustainable biofuel options for Nigeria. Professor Onovo stated, “Genetic modifications that enhance biomass digestibility represent a promising approach to overcoming current limitations in bioethanol production.”
Prof. Kweku Archimpong, a professor of crop science based in Accra, Ghana, who attended the lecture, highlighted the importance of ongoing research and technological advancements. “The potential for switchgrass in biofuel production is immense, and Professor Onovo’s approach to tackling the cell wall resistance is both innovative and necessary. This lecture was a masterclass in addressing one of the most critical barriers in bioethanol production,” he noted.
Prof. Daniel Labaran, a switchgrass enthusiast based in Port Harcourt, also shared his thoughts: “The work being done by Professor Onovo is incredibly promising. Switchgrass has long been overlooked, and his efforts to genetically modify it for bioethanol production could significantly impact our energy landscape. This lecture has truly opened my eyes to the possibilities that lie ahead.”
Similarly, Engr. Uchenna Ani, CEO of Integriti Technologies, an Abuja-based IT servicing conglomerate, attended the lecture and praised the technological insights shared. He remarked, “Professor Onovo’s innovative approach to utilizing genetic modifications in biofuel production is a game-changer for the industry. His research offers new avenues for sustainable energy solutions in Nigeria.”
The lecture attracted a wide array of notable figures, including Prof. E. H. Kwon-Ndung, Director of the Center for Energy Studies at the Federal University of Lafia; Prof. F. C. Onwuliri and Prof. Patricia Lar from the University of Jos; and Dr. Rojin George, Head of the Tissue Culture Department at Contec Global Agro Limited, Abuja, among many others. Their presence underscored the importance of the topic and the respect held for Professor Onovo’s contributions to the field.
Professor Josiah Chukwudi Onovo’s 44th Inaugural Lecture at Nasarawa State University, Keffi, has brought to the forefront the immense potential of genetically modified switchgrass as a catalyst for renewable energy and economic growth in Nigeria. His pioneering research on the genetic modification of switchgrass to enhance bioethanol production represents a significant advancement in the field of renewable energy. By adopting biofuels derived from non-edible, locally available feedstocks such as switchgrass, Nigeria can diversify its energy sources, enhance energy security, and stimulate economic development while mitigating environmental degradation.
To fully realize these benefits, Nigeria must invest in research and development, foster collaboration among stakeholders, and implement supportive policies that promote the sustainable growth of the biofuel industry. With visionary leadership and collaborative efforts, Nigeria can harness the power of biofuels to drive economic growth, enhance energy security, and protect the environment for future generations.
Chijioke Ogbodo (mnipr) is a seasoned journalist and broadcaster with over 20 years of experience in media. He is the Managing Partner at GMTNewsng.com. Chijioke can be reached at: chijiokeogbodo@yahoo.com
